

















.0 




4 o 














o -^ 















iv"-^^. 






p x^ 



















'0^S• 



.1 



v^. 




c^^. 




VICTORY 

High=Speed Shorthand 

By 

BANNELL SAWYER, B. c. L. 



Published by 

The Engineer^g Company of America 

New York City 



z^ 
-■3? 



Copyrighted 1918 

By 
Bannell Sawyer 



©C1.A508185 



Preface 

This system is the outgrowth of years. The necessity of the 
changes made has become apparent through an extensive experience. 

To render the system more legible, the connective vowel system 
has been used. To suggest additions to the meanings of characters, 
the lines and strokes are shaded ; but the body of the writing is light 
line. To compel the idea of phonetics to enter the mind in a natural 
manner, words have been arranged so as to introduce that method 
almost without speaking of phonetics. Vowels, as separate dots and 
dashes, used so extensively by Pitman and light-line authors, are al- 
most entirely absent in this system. Contractions and word-signs 
have been largely eliminated through the power of compressing mean- 
ing into the characters themselves. Coalescents, so troublesome to 
the learner and practitioner, have been rendered so easy of compre- 
hension and treatment that the student forgets there are such things: 
Most letters following one another in the natural order, and progress 
is accordingly more rapid and satisfactory. 

Arbitrary contractions and word-signs, used so freely in other 
systems, are a hindrance to speed because, speed is a habit to be 
acquired, not by memorizing abbreviations, but by actually writing 
the shorthand forms, countless numbers of times. The principles 
should be constantly applied, by using them in full. 

The vowel-suggestion, by a hook at the beginning and by a tick 
at the end of words, is the greatest step in advance ever taken by 
any new system. It suggests what you really need to know, namely 
that the word does begin or end with a vowel sound. Thus memoriza- 
tion has been brought to an irreducible minimum. 

The country needs thousands of shorthand writers and this sys- 
tem can supply the want in the briefest possible time. 

Wishing you great and enduring success. 

THE AUTHOR. 
New York City, October, 1918. 

3 



To the Student 



If you have a poor memory this system will improve it. If your memory 
is very poor we have a memory training system that will increase your power 
of remembering?. Without a jj^ood memory you have no future in shorthand 
work. There is nothing so easily trained and improved as memory if you 
go about it in the proper way. 

Whatever you apply yourself to. learn thoroughly. Government posi- 
tions are now open to all who are qualified. The best positions go to the 
best qualified. There is no room for the incompetent. High salaries go to 
high speed and high attainments. Low speed and qualifications bring their 
reward — low pay. If you set about it in the right way you can just as easily 
write 150 words a minute as 85. 

Managers and Heads of Departments now-a-days are able to talk faster 
than did their predecessors: they also use a more e.xtensive vocabulary. 
You must at once set about organizing your knowledge and strengthening the 
weak places. Cultivate concentration and alertness of mind. Your hand can 
go only so fast as your mind allows it. When the mind falters the hand lags 
behind and you lose \-our "job." 

Learn all you can about the shorthand profession. Salaries are not paid 
to Stenographers out of any philanthropic desire to keep you in pocket-money. 
Concentrate on the essentials of your work 

Read your shorthand notes often: they are the best reading-matter you 
can have. Notes are of no service to anyone if they cannot be read, and they 
cannot be read fluently without reading-practice. Xever make a character or 
outline twice unless you know all about it. Once you know how to make a 
new character or word-outline, write it until you can make it fast. Absolute 
certainty is required in reading your notes and this comes only by constant 
reading and re-reading of your own writing. 

In your practice you will often think you are not making satis^ctory 
headway. Be not discouraged: you must practice for some time before any 
decided improvement appears; but do not fail to remember that steady faith- 
ful study and practice bring certain progress. And finally you must know- 
that you are traveling the same road that so many others have followed and 
were successful: go unfalteringly onward and you will succeed abundantly. 

4 



Definitions 



Base-line: The line, ruled or unruled, along which one writes. 

Position-vowel: A vowel that is not written but is indicated by writing the 
consonant to which it belongs above, on, or through or under the 
base-line. 

Reversible Letters: Alphabetic shorthand letters that may be written upward 
or downward, or as right and left curves. 



jl Phonetic Writing: Writing only the sounds of words, regardless of how a 
j! word may be spelled in longhand. 

,| Word-sign: A simple shorthand character that is used to indicate a word of 
I such frequent occurrence that it is not advisable to write it in full. 

Contraction: A word or phrase that drops the unnecessary sounded letters 
in order to produce a brief outline. 

Briefs, or Ticks: Very small characters made with the slightest touch of the 
pen or pencil — these are never called lines or strokes. 

Monosyllables: Words of one syllable. 

Polysyllables: Words of more than three syllables; many syllables. 

Phrase: Two or more shorthand outlines connected together, to save the 
time otherwise required in lifting the pen between words. 

Vowels: Wherever we speak of a vowel or a consonant, we mean a sounded 
vowel or consonant. We treat unsounded letters as non-existent. 

Outline: The completed shorthand character, which represents only the 
sounded letters that have been written. 

Coalescents: Consonantal sounds that unite into practically one sound, as for 
example the letters pr in the word pray. 

5 



How Shorthand is Constructed 

1. Words are written in outline, dropping all unsounded letters. 

2. Every sound in the language has its own character. 

3. These characters are simple strokes, curves, ticks, circles, and loops. 

4. Most characters are unshaded. 

5. Lines are shortened, lengthened, or shaded, to vary the meaning or to 
add other sounds. 

6. A large or small hook is added to lines to express sounds, briefly. 

7. Large and small loops are added to express a group of letters. 

8. Shorthand word-outlines are often joined together to avoid loss of time 
in lifting the pen between words — called "phrasing." 

9. Groups of letters are dropped from some long words and the remaining 
letters crossed or intersected to produce brief forms. 

10. Many letters occur in some words where they are of no special importance 
and may be safely dropped. 

IL Characters representing nearly similar sounds are occasionally used inter- 
changeably as with ch and sh or k and g (hard). 

12. The meaning of a hook is often extended to indicate a syllable or word, 
as when the f- or v-hook suggests the words have or of. 

13. When characters may be made in two or more ways or directions, each 
way or direction is assigned a distinct significance. 

14. A very short, or a wide space between words may be used to suggest 
the presence of an omitted syllable or word. 

15. A character written under an arithmetical figure determines the value of 

that figure. 

16. Dot- and dash-vow^els, when written close beside an outline, not only 
fix the vowel-values but indicate capitalization of the word. 

6 



Speed 



The object of shorthand is the attainment of speed in writing. Although 
legibility is understood to be essential to satisfactory work. 

To acquire speed it is necessary to know the principles of the Art so 
thoroughly that they can be recalled and applied when needed. The fewer 
forms to be memorized the better. Complexity confuses and hinders agility 
of mental action. Learn the principles thoroughly and use them daily so that 
you may readily write anything required. Herein lies the real secret of rapid 
writing. 

Shorthand is an art and as such demands both mental and physical readi- 
ness. Study and reflection will effect an orderly arrangement of the facts and 
regular daily practice will train the hand to trace the shorthand forms with 
ease, accuracy, rapidity and graceful movement. Everything written should 
be read afterwards. Speed, in reading the written characters, is as much an 
object as speed in writing them. Be exact in your knowledge of the prin- 
ciples so that your mind may be steadily busy in applying them, instead of 
trying to recall memorized abbreviations. 

Speed also depends somewhat on your knowledge of English. If you do 
not know the language perfectly you had better begin now to study language 
as you go on with your shorthand study and practice. The meaning of words 
is of even greater importance than the spelling. If you know the meaning 
you will be able to read what you have written but if you do not know the 
word at all you have a poor chance of rendering an acceptable transcript of 
your notes. Always keep a dictionary at hand and consult it often. Read the 
best literature regularly. Study to know the exact sounds of words. 

Practice speed in legible longhand writing for a few days after beginning 
the study of shorthand. Hold the pen or pencil loosely in the hand and avoid 
pinching it too tightly. Use the muscular or forearm movement as it gives 
an easy swing to your hand which is essential if you would become expert in 
shorthand writing. 

Shaded lines are made with a quicker motion than are the light lines. 
We use nearly all light lines, not because they are made faster than shaded 
lines, but because shaded line writing uses up more nervous energy. When we 
do use a shade it is to add meaning to the line. 

Practice slowly but not too slowly at first; as soon as you know the 
exact shape and size and length of th^ character you are attempting, then 
increase your speed gradually. Every character must be speeded up before 
attacking the next one. Practice longhand speed exercises every day because 
they develop a swinging rapid movement and thus they directly add to your 
shorthand speed and ability to write legibly. 

The whole secret of speed lies in the simplicity and completeness of method 
and system, mental quickness, familiarity with the principles, easy movement, 
thorough knowledge of English, extensive phrasing and systematic daily 
practice. 

Read everything you write until you can do so as rapidly as you took it 
down. Practice speed exercises until you can easily equal the required num- 
ber of words per minute. Daily practice for an hour is better than two hours 
one day and none the next. Regularity, and system are needed if you are to 
make rapid progress in attaining speed. 



These are Sounds— not Letters 









Learn 


Perfectly 








Write 


Frequently 


Downward 

moving 

characters: 


\ 
B 


( ( 
C(soft)SZ 


/ 
D 


F R 


Forward 










moving 
characters: 


K 


G L 


M 


N 



Briefs: 



o o 



) 

SC(soft)Z, 



(hard) 



H H W W R L CH TION C(soft)SZ WH WH 



Vowels: These are explained fully on following pages 



Diphthongs 

Shaded 
characters: 



Long 
short 
characters: 



Joined 

Sufifixes: 



I 

\ 

BL 

NO 



TM 
ND 

-ing 



OI 



OW 



I 
CH 

Q 



PL BN 



/ 
DD 



■ings 



/ 

DS 

) 

SH 



HS 
-ses 



BT 

1/ 
VT 



n u 
U 



J 

) 
ZH 



r 

LD 

I /_ 
ED 



TH 

( 
SH 



c 
WH 

VD 



WH 



I 



RS 

( 
ZH 



MD 
RL 



•sist -essence 



/ 
ded, 



/ 
det. 



MS 
V 



NK 

NING 

tet. 



} 



Disjoined 
Prefixes: 



Disjoined 
Suffixes: 



com-, con- 



accom- 



magna-, maga-, Mac- 



o 

-ality/ 

-delity 

-jority I 

-mality 

-ological 

-sivity 

-thelic 



-anty 
-entic 
-larity 
-matic 



-sitic 
■graphy 



• mis- 

\ 
-bility 

'^gality 

-litic 

-mentality 

-pality 

-sity 

-ification 



circu-, circum- 



self- 



trans- 



-cality 

-ing 

-less 

-nality 

S 
-phic 

-tility 

-graphic 



-city 

-ings 

-lessness 

-ness 
,y , 

-riotic 

t/ 
-tivity 

c 
-istic 



On pages following are words illustrating all the above principles 

8 



Phonetic Spelling 



Silent letters are dropped in Shorthand Writing. 

In the following words we have crossed out the silent letters, leaving 
only those which are written in making the shorthand outlines: pe^rl, min^s, 

bot/om. leather, wovt^n, se^l. foiJrth, peanuts, clocjks, doz^n, stri(|k^n, thrill's, 

.^VT- ^ \> '(o- \-- -—^ ^ ^ --^-^^ ■^-<?" ■ 

rescu^, distres^, sto\-^, frozen, me^t, eag^r, de^lt, christening. le<ipard. so^keld. 

siiht, giliard. beg^id, th/ef, oWicd, mes^ag^. fas/dndd. ar/a}!, sna^ch^d. grinA^d, 
V y^ N/>/ -J^.. v. ^ >:. ^ -^ -^ 



de<fk^d, S(j:ent, li(fk^d, comj). knots. lisUn, oft^n, |)niumonia, we^pcjn, raiment, 
glo^ji'. dece/v/ ra|-, lacjks, foJ, in^is^, inom|, b^jiuty, cojirt, sojil, Aeolian, 



neiillbojir. x_p 



When a word ends in d, pronounced t, write t instead of d, as in dekt. 

F is written instead of gh in such words as cough, rough, tough, enough, and 
instead of ph in such words as phone, phantom, symphony, zephyr. 

C has the sound of k in can, came, cure, and of s in cease, civil and many 
others. In all these cases write k or s as required by the sound. 

C has the sound of sh in words like gracious, precious, and s has the sh 
sound in such words as pressure, measure, treasure. In all these words 
write sh instead of c or s. 

Q has the sound of k or ku in queue, so we write k instead of q. But in 
nearly all cases q has the sound of kw as in quoin, queen, queer, quite, 
quote, quit, question, so we write the q character. The u following q 
need never be written. Gw, pronounced gwa, is shaded k. 



Writing phonetically saves 209c of your time, even in writing longhand. 

9 



Vowels and Diphthongs 

The accented vowel-sound of a word is not written, it is indicated by 
writing the outline above, on, or through or under, the base-line. 

First-position accented vowels are indicated by placing the outline above 
the base-line. These are i, oi, ah, aw as in my, boy, ma, saw. 

Second-position accented vowels are indicated by placing the outline on 
the base-line. These are o, ow, a, e, u, as in know, now, they, get, none. 

Third-position accented vowels are indicated by writing the outline 
through or under the base-line. These are u, 66, e, i, as in few, do, me, hit. 

It is generally enough to know that a word begins with a vowel in order 
to determine its meaning — this is shown by a small hook. 

There are about 40 useful sounds in the English language. Of these 
13 are vowels or diphthongs. 

A position-vowel is pronounced after a stroke situated above, on, or 
through or under, the base-line. Learn scale of vowels given above. 

An initial vowel-sound is shown by a small initial hook attached to the 
beginning of the first stroke in an outline. The object of the hook is to show 
definitely that the word begins with a sounded vowel. 

A medial vowel-sound may be located by using the small hook to con- 
nect the consonants that precede and follow it. Such a hook is called also 
a connective vowel. Its use is to point out the position of a more or less 
obscure vowel, or, to make an eas}' joining. 

A final vowel-sound is shown by a very short, light, straight tick, attached 
to the end of the last stroke of an outline and forming a distinct angle there- 
with. Usually it is made on the outside of curves and forward, or upward, 
on straight strokes. 

A disconnected vowel character is a dot or dash written beside a stroke 
as illustrated on the following page. Experience shows that not more than 
one vowel in 120 has to be written by a disconnected mark. 

A double vowel-sound, when initial, is indicated by using a large initial 
hook and placing the outline in the position determined by the accent. This 
large hook is also used for wh. 

SUMMARY 
Review : 

1. A small hook joined to the beginning of an outline is any vowel. 

2. The small hook is also used for w. 

3. A small hook connecting consonants is any vowel. 

4. A small straight tick ending, and joined to an outline, is any vowel. 

5. A dot placed at the side of a stroke is ah, a, e, according to position. 

6. A dot made lighter and placed beside a stroke is e or i, as in men, tin. 

7. A disconnected straight tick beside a stroke is aw, u, 66, as in jaw, nut, 
foot. 

8. The sounds i, 6, u, as in my, low, pew, are seldom written. 

9. Double vowel-sounds, when initial, are shown by large initial hook. 
Also WH. 

10. Special signs are provided for oi and ow, which should generally be 

written. 

In studying the vowels, on this and following page, do not forget that 
while a thorough knowledge of them is important yet they are seldom needed 
in complete sentences. There, the context makes most of the vowels clear. 

10 



Vowel Illustrations 



The thirteen vowels and dipthongs illustrated by examples. This schem 
is used mainly for proper names but may be applied to any word 



T as in 'TT my ^ nigh "^ pie -^"^ 

01 as m ^' boy ^ coy ^ Roy * 



ah as in "^ ^ ma -i""^ pa -r la 



lie 

joy 

ya 



aw as m '- maw gnaw -v caw » jaw 



6 as in ^__^ know ^__^ no /' dough ^ fo 

ow as in > — ■- now /^ cow /^y>. how ^ 



e 
vow 

/• 



a as in ^-^^ may v_-- nay — r^ pay /' day 

e as in ^-^-^ mess ~^ less /^ guess v yes 

vi fur \p burr /^ cur J~ sir 



u as m 



3. u as in — ^ knew v. ^ new V « few / due 

56 as in / do |^ Jew ") sue ^ too 

e as in ^ ^ me ^ ^ knee \, be ^ key 

I as in ^^..-^ miss ^^^'^ kiss \g> bill o till 

Observe that there are three ways of spelling the sound of long I, but in 
shorthand you are not dealing with spelling, but with sound. The word nigh 
is written ni because gh is unsounded; the word sir, spelled wii:h an i which 
has the short sound of ii, and the outline is therefore placed in second position. 
In miss, kiss, bill, till, the last letter of each word is repeated but in the short- 
hand form it is not repeated, because it is not sounded. Watch this closely. 
When you understand it, you will agree that it is very eas}'- to spell phonetically. 

Read the following sentences, then write them several times, then read 
again. These sentences show you that detached vowels are not often used 
Ma may know my cow. Miss May knew my new cow. Roy may kiss me. 

Words of one syllable, beginning with a vowel, are placed in position, 
and the book, which is the position vowel, is, in these cases, read first. 

am fC?, aim cr^ own «^_^ oil owl ^ oak (T eke'(^- eel ^^^ 

11 



One-Stroke Words 

Remark: Each of the following words is written with a single stroke of 
the pen. The figure 1. means first position, that is above the line; 
the figure 2. means second position, that is on the line; and tlie 
figure 3. means third position, that is through the line. 



B. 1. by, buy, boy 

\ 2. bow, bough, bay 

\ 3. bue, bew, bee 

D. 1. die. dye, daw 

/ 2. doe. dough. Dow, day 

/ 3. due. dew, do. Dee 



F. 1. fie, foy 

2. foe, fow, fay 

3. few. foo, fee 



V 



G. 1. Guy 

^ 2. go, Gow, gay 

/ 3. gue, goo 

H. 1. hie. high, haw 

2, hoe, how, hay 

/? 3. hue, hew. Hugh, who, he 

J. 1. joy, jaw 

I 2. jo, joe. jay 

' 3. Jew, jee 

K. 1. Co, cow, Kay 

2. coy, caw 

/^ 3. key, cue, queue. 

L. 1. lie, lye, law 

2. lo, low, lay 

^ 3. lieu, loo. lea 

M. 1. niy, ma. maw 

2. mo. mow, may 

^ , 3. mew. moo, me 

N. 1. nigh, gnaw 

2. no, know, now, nay 

V — ^ 3. new, knew, knee 

P. 1. pie, pa, paw 

2. po, poe, pow, pay 

,,,-^ 3. pew, Pugh, pea 



y 



1. qui 

2. quo 

3. kwee 



^ 



/ 



1. wry, rye, roy. raw 

2. roe, row, ray 

3. rue, re 

1. tie, Tighe, toy, taw 

2. toe, tow, Tay 

3. to. tea 



V. 1. vie 

1 2. vow 

^ 3. view 

Y. 1. yaw 

I 2. yea 

I 3. you, yew 

BL. 1. bly. bloy, blah, blaw 

\2, blow, blay 

3. blue, blew 



DS. 1. dies, daws 

2. doze, Dows. days, does 

3. dues, dews, diz 



TH. 1. thew. thee 

2. tho, though, thou, they 
3. thy. thigh, thaw 

RS. 1. rise, Roy's, raws 

^ 2. rose. rows, raise, raze, rays 

> 3. ruse, rues, riz 

MS. 1. maws 

2. Mose, mows. May's, maze 

^•^ 3. muse, mews, mease, miz 

SH. 1. shy, pshaw 

\ 2. show 

; 3. shoe, shoo 

SH. 1. shah 

/ 2. shay 

( 3. she 

CH. 1. chaw 

2, chow 

I 3. chew 



12 



Circles R-L- Added 

Remark: As nearly as possible we take the same words that are used on the 
previous 'page and by adding the circle r or 1 we get a new list of very 
useful words. Practice diligently. Note the effect of double letters. 



3. 



buyer 
bower 
beer 



pyre, par 
pour, pore, pair 
poor, peer 



1. 
'^ 2. 

3. 



riser 

rouser, razor 
ruser 



dyer 

door, dower, dare 

doer, dear 



J 2. 



quire 
quair 
queer 



miser 

Mauser 

muser 



1. fire, far, for 

2. fore, four, fare, fair 

3. fewer, fear 



"^ 



rawer 

roar, rower, rare 

rear 



:ii; 



shyer, shire 
shore, shower 
sure, shoer 



gar 

gore, gower 

gear 



tire, tar 

tore, tower, tare 

tour, tear 



CI: 



shar 

share 

shear 



1. 

N 2. 

3. 



higher, hire 

hoar, hair, hare, her 

huer, hewer, here, 

hear 



^1: 

3. 



vier 
vower 
viewer, veer 



char 

chair, chore 

cheer, chewer 



jar 
jeer 



I I 



yawer 
yore 
your, ewer 



1. 1)all, bile, bawl 
\d 2. boll, bole, bowl, bail 
3. Bule, Bill 



1. car 

2. core, cower, care 

3. cure 



ck 



Czar 

sair 

seer 



, 1. file, foil, fall 
^ 2. foal, fowl, fail, fell 
3. fuel, fool, feel, fill 



liar, lyre 

lore, lower, lair 

leer, Lear 



vk 



blyer 

blower, blare, blur 

bluer, blear 



v.] 



fly, flaw 
flow, floe, flay 
flew, flue, flee, flea 



1. mire, mar 

2. more, mower, mare 

3. Muir, moor, mere 



ll: 



desire 

dozer, does-her 

do-sir 



3. 



flyer 

floor, flare 
fleer, fluor 



nigher, nor 
Nore, Nair 
newer, near 



1. Thor / l^ 

2. iere, their, they-are ^/ '^* 

3. Thier •*' 



gly 

glow 
glue, glee 



13 



Two-Stroke Words 



Each of the following words is written with two consonants and the 
accented vowel is indicated by position of outline. Figures 1. 2. 3. 



1. back 

2. bake 

3. beak 


V- 


fay 

fray 

tree 


1. balm 

2. bum 

3. beam 


\^ 


nre 

four 
fear 


1. bath 

2. both 

3. booth 


^ 


fine 
fun 
fin 


1. car 

2. care 

3. cure 


/^ 


fad 

fade 
feed 


1. call 

2. coal 

3. cool 


r 


fat 

fate 

feet 


L cry 

2. crow 

3. crew 


f 


gau^e 

gaze 

geese 


1- claw 

2. clay 

3. clue 


(T 


gone 
gain 
gin 


1. drv 

2. dray 

3. drew 


/ 


ham 

home 

whom 


1. dire 

2. door 

3. dear 


/ 


hawk 
hake 
hook 


1. doll 

2. dull 

3. deal 


/ 


hat 

hate 

heat 


1. dime 

2. dome 

3. doom 


A 


hop 

hope 

heap 


1. dock 

2. deck 

3. duke 


^ 


jaws 

jays 
Jews 



V. 



^ 



/v 



gem 
Jim 

Jack 
joke 
jeek 

line 
lone 
lean 

lion 

laying 
lien 

life 
loaf 
leaf 

file 
fail 
feel 



fly 

flow 
flee 

longs 

lungs 
lings 

lime 
lame 
limb 

miles 

males 

meals 



man 

main 
mean 



many 

m.oney 

mJnnow 



U 



^ 



<o 



^ 



J^ 



more 

mere 



merry 
merely 

mock 
make 
meek 



nor 

nore 

near 

Nile's 

nails 
kneels 

par 
pair 
poor 



pry 

prow 

pre 

pile 
pole 
pull 

ply 

play 

plea 

plies 
plays 
please 

quire 
quair 
queer 



quom 
quain 
queen 



^ 



J 



J 



ryer 

roar — ^ 

rear 



rile 
roll 
rule 

rice 
race 

riss 

rises 
roses 
ruses 

sire 

sir 

sewer 

sar 
sair 
seer 

shire 

shore 
sure 

shar 

share 
shear 

times 

Thames 
teams 

vile 
vail 
veal 



wise 

woes 

v/ooes 



was 

ways 

we's 



^ 



L 



\o 



14 



Prefixes 



common 



circumstance 



magnanimous 



misstatement 



contain 



*y. circulate 



magazine 



transport 



C--"-^ accomplish 
^.^-^ self-pity 
'"^^^-^'^ MacLaren 



t? 



extra-mural 



Suffixes 



(07 fullness 


U^o 


familiarity 


'-^-^ facility 


o-rC\y. probability 


~^r^. 


rascality 


/ -— - capacity 


^/ fidelity 


•^^ 


authentic 


**^/^ prodigality 


•/ • doing 


r 


doings 


" ^^ majority 


~^/ regularity 


■^... 


paralytic 


" )/^ ' signification 


formality 


--^ 


automatic 


^-s>-^ instrumentality 


"TT^P nationality 


-""^C} 


penalty 


— — y theological 


£^^-^ principality 


_-0^ 


~ telegraphic 


.^^ patriotic 


_,^-y) parasitic 


^( 


altruistic 


'z^^u ' ' passivity 


^TfT mortality 


--^-^. 


' nativity 


^ pathetic 


- ai^- ' witless 




r witness 


^-^ lawlessness 


,y?^. rowing 


^ 


meanings 

15 


-y^- - resist 



Writing Instructions 



1. Drop all silent letters: join together those that 
remain and write the outline in position, above, 
on, through, or under the base-line. 



make, take, room, home 



2. Most vowel-sounds come after the consonant 
and are shown by position. ; 



3. The written consonant and the indicated vowel 
should be pronounced with one vocal effort as 
one syllable. j 

I 

4. All consonants are read in the order in which 
they have been made. 

5. Dot and dash vowels are used mainly to mark 
proper names. 

6. Circles r and 1 form coalescents with other con- 
sonants and therefore require special attention. 

7. When a vowel follows the coalescent the circle 
is written at the beginning of the stroke-con- 
sonant as in grow, clay, tray. 



my,may,me,die,day,do 
bay, pay, may, know, so 

mark, farm, mail, nail 
John, James, William 
retrace, frown, clown 
grow, clay, tray, pray 



8. When a vowel comes between the consonant 
stroke and the circle it is not a coalescent and 
the circle is written at the end of the stroke, 
as in goal, gore, tare, tale. 



9. The standard length of a shorthand character i; 
one-sixth of an inch. 



10. Shortening any character adds t, d, or th. 



11. In monosyllables, shortening adds t to a light 
letter and d to shaded. 



there, tore, more, mire 



\ 



B \ M 



tt, vd, fate, made 



N 



12. Lengthening any character adds 1, m, n, oi 
Tag. — Superlengthening adds t. 

13. In monosyllables, lengthening adds 1 or n only 



14. A small loop at the end of a stroke is rt, re- 
versed it is St or sd — and sub at the beginning 



il, tm, plate, tempt 



flay, play, delay 
post, dust, port, dirt 



16 



15. This small loop is sometimes used to express 
the words you or your. 

16. A very large loop at the end of a word is -ster, 
-stair, or -store. 



17. A small initial hook is w or any initial vowel 



18. A large initial hook is wh or any two consecu- 
tive vowel-sounds. 



19. A final straight tick at the end of a character 
is anv vowel-sound. 



20. A small final hook is n, f, or v. 

21. The n-hook is made on the inner side of curves 
and on the under or left side of straight strokes. 

22. At the end of a word, the n-hook is often used 
for ing. 

23. After the first stroke, left-stroke c, s may be 
used for th as in faith, both, sayeth. 

24. On straight strokes, the f- or v-hook is on the 
upper or right side. 



25. F- or v-hook is not used on curves, except on 
left-curve c, s, z, in monosyllables and on down- 
ward k or g (gay) in words of more than one 
syllable, and in phrases. 

26. At the end of a word the f- or v-hook is often 
sufficient to indicate the word-endings ful, full, 
fully. 

21 . In phrase-writing the f- or v-hook is sufficient 
for the words of or have. 

28. A large final hook is p, b, or h. 

29. The p,- b-hook is made on the inner side of 
curves and on the upper or right side of straight 
strokes. 

30. The b-hook at the end of words is often used 
to show the word-ending -able. 



31. In phrase-writing, the final p,- b-hook expresses 
the words, be or been. 



do-vou, your-duty 
my-store,muster,duster 

won, off, alone, ailing 

when, while, aeolian 
e^ <^ oj 
only, fairy, fairly 

none, tough, save, given 
mn, nn, fn, tn, dn, pn 

marking, making, 



faith, both, south, north 

•v \- i- ^.. 

bufiF, rough, dove tough 

\. ^ L ^ 

save, given, covenant 

useful, youthful, 
place-of, to-have 



nohow, to-be 

keep, hope, rub, cub 

..^ ^ -^ r 

double, fable, sable 

may-be, will-be, 
^ ..J).. 



17 



32. The h-hook is the b,- p-hook reversed, both on 
curves and straight lines. 

33. Briefs or ticks are not called lines or strokes. 



34. The word-ending y-ly is usually expressed by 
using the final vowel-tick. 



35. The word-ending ty-dy is shown by a reversed 
r circle and when it follows a circle r or 1, it 
is made after said circle. 



36. Soft c is pronounced see and is made like s; 
hard c is pronounced k and made like it. 



37. The left-curve tick s when disjoined is used for 
the word-ending, ings. 



38. The reversible forms for s and sh, z and zh en- 
able you to effect good joinings and in mono- 
syllables to give definite vowel-values, without 
actually writing the vowels. Turn either way 
in long words. 



39. In a few words, ch and sh may be used inter- 
changeably, or ch may be struck upward to get 
a better outline. 

40. K and hard g are made alike, except that the g 
is longer. 



41. Soft g and the j are the same sound and both 
made like j. 



42. K, L and hard G are never made downward 
when they stand alone. 

43. Straight r is always made upward on a slant 
lying between D and P. 



anyhow, prohibit 



-^^ " 



Annie, sunny, snowy 



body, duty, faulty 
cease, cause, cere, tidy 

•(■• .r -t — 

doing, doings, sayings 
sea, so, she, shoe, shy 

( ) ( •) ..V 



French, machine, 

K ^^ G X^ 
gem, Jim, rage, rag 

SRBLRF D R P 



44. Straight r is useful in getting better joinings 
and in keeping the words on the base-line. 



refuse, marriage, 



45. REL is shown by long upward or downward 
r or by r and the 1 circle. 



46. A final vowel may be suggested by writing up- 
ward r when r is the last consonant in the word. 



roller, rule, real, really 
merry, berry, dairy 



18 



47. If q is shortened it is read as hard gd; if k 
is lengthened it is read as hard g. 



48. Lengthened q is q vowel s as in question, quiz. 



49. When the accent falls on "ses" this may be 
shown by lengthening "ses." 



50. At the beginning of a word or outline, ses may 
be used for sw (sway). 



51. Initial sound of ex- or egs- are expressed by 
the letter x. 



52. When a word begins with a vowel followed by 
w or wh make a short, straight, vowel-tick joined 
on to the w or wh. 



53. Initial syllables in, en, im, em, may be expressed 
by dropping the vowel-hook in words of two or 
more syllables. Sometimes it is better to drop 
the n or m and write the hook, — this depends 
on the consonant following. 



54. Positive words may generally be rendered nega- 
tive by reversing the initial vowel-hook. This 
cannot be applied to the letters d and x, nor to 
outlines beginning with a coalescing circle. 



55. The letter h is written or handled in four ways: 
The regular h may be inverted before n, f, or 
reduced to a straight tick before m, r, k, p, x, 
or omitted altogether in such words as neigh- 
borhood. 



56. When the letters mn are shown as a double- 
curve, the intention is to suggest that a promi- 
nent vowel follows both m and n. 

57. When ing is not final or com is not initial, it 
nia}^ be dropped out and the very narrow space 
left between the two parts of the word will 
suggest its presence. 



58. In writing long words or phrases, letters or 
words may be dropped and the written parts 
crossed or intersected thus making very brief 
and yet very distinct representations, if well 
learned beforehand. 



good, God. coy, go, ago 

..... r ^ y- ^ 



quest, question, quiz 
poses, possess, access 



swim, swear, sweet 



export, exposed 
away, await, awhile 

incapable, unemployed 

a. 



unattainable, attaining: 
Hun, home, whom 



examination, many 



uncontrolled 
Washington — =- 

nevertheless "-^C 
Reform Party "^^f^ 



19 



59. Omit d before g, j, or v. 



60 Omit 1 before m, r, th, when more convenient 
outlines are secured. 



61. Omit r in morn and corn and a few others of 
similar formation. 



aajective, adjourn 
almost, already 

n^.orn. corn, scorn 

^ ^ ^ 



62. Omit p between m and t if you find it conveni- 
ent. Such a p is seldom pronounced distinctly 
enough to make any difference if dropped. 



prompt, attempt 



63. Omit any unessential letter from familiar words 
to secure Vjrevity. 



64. Omit of-the and write the adjoining words far- 
ther apart than usual. 



65. Omit tr or dr if the accent does not fall on it; 
then write the two parts of the word close to- 
gether. In the same way omit the word after. 



Government (omit'g R) 

(r '- 

one-of-the-party 



martyrdom, one-after- 
another ^--^~X, 



66. The word-ending -tioned, -sioned, -cient, -sionate 

(no matter how spelled^, is expressed by dis- , 
joined -tion or bv half-lenjfth sh ioined. 



stationed, passionate 
ancient 



67. In long words it is not necessary to distinguish 
between rt and rd; It and Id; k and q; ks and x; 
k and hard g; or st and sd (loop). 



68. Shaded n at the beginning of an outline is ns, 
at the end it is ng, and between these points it 
may be either ns or ng. 



instructing, facing 



69. When a word ends in -ality or -arity (or sounds 
closely resembling these;, write a disjoined 
circle 1 or r. Where possible disjoin the con- 
sonant immediately preceding these endings to 
represent -bility, -cality, -perity, etc. For words 
ending in -ic, -tic, disjoin the preceding con- 
sonant and write it half-length, close to the 
former part of the outline. 



facility, rarity 



prosperity 



70. When a word ends in ter use a short letter with 
circle r as in matter. When it ends in ture use 
t and the circle r as in temperature. When ting 
is preceded by two or more characters in a 
word, the t may be lengthened to add ing, as 
in operating. 



matter, letter, operating- 



20 



Word-Signs 



These word-signs must be written daily for a month. They must be 
known instantly the word is pronounced. Any faltering on this list is fatal. 





(1) 


J 


are, or 
as, has 
at 


r 


accord 
according 
accordingly 
accordance 


<r 


acknowledge 
acknowledgment 


/ 


advertise 
advertised 
advertising 
advertisement 


/ 


advantage 

advantageous 

advantageously 


/^ 


because 


o 


beyond 



satisfy 

satisfying 

satisfied 



(3) 

and 



eye 



extraordinary 
' extraordinarily 



V 



from, form 

had 

I, the 

language 

last 

of 

on 

ought 

over 

possible, possiblj'^ 



— responsible 
'^ responsibly 



NpTE: All the signs 
in this column are 
to be written in 
first position. 



satisfactory 
satisfactorily 


any, m 

— 5 between 
^ business 




^ 


deliver, delivery 


■= — that 


during 


■s, what 


o 


different 




/ 


difference 


(2) 


differently 


a, an 


/ 


difficult 


<r~N among, amongst 


difficulty 


/^~ come, company 






w end 






o ever, every, her 


\ 


each 


^ expense 


O 


here, hear, year 


^ extra 


^ 


if 


a first 


J 


is, his 


— -\ hour, our, were 


- 


it 


^ next 




its, it-is, to-his 


> — ^ now 





into 


out 


a 


least 


s owing 


,^^ opportunity 






principle 


president 




principles 


o^^ presidential 




principal 
principal's 


respect 
-^ respectful 
respectfully 


^ 


receive, receipt 


^ 


"signature 


) us 

1 which, wish 


/^ 


thank, think 




thing, things 


c where 

i> wherewithal 


- 


too, two 


c with 


C 


use 


o without 




— » word 


y 


will, well 


o yet 


=> 


would 


NOTE: All the signs 


NOTE: All the signs 


in this column are 


in this column are 


to be written in 


to be written in 


second position. 


third position. 



21 



Elementary List 



Learn 

The words in the following list are used constant!}- in forming compound 
/ords of very great value. Learn thoroughh-. 



-> about 


<r^ 


from 




other 


— 


unto 


.^. . after 


/^ 


go 




out 


-^ 


upon 


'r^.. all 


/-^ 


hand 


o 


over 


<i 


way 


^^_^ any 


•f ■ 


head 


A 


rage 


~~^ 


wear 


.:'..as 


■ o' 


. hear 


X' 


rate 


- 


went 


-^V- before 


r 


held 


•■(• 


see 


c 


where 


^..behind 


o 


here 




some 


« 


which 


>..body 


r 


hold 


T 


so 


o 


what 


^..by 


y? 


how 


-^ 


stand 


CL^ 


when 


.i^cast 


- « - ■ > 


. in 


r^. 


standing 


V^" 


•who 


- r ■ charge 




into 


^ 


take 


o^ 


• while 


/^ come 


^^ . 


lasting 


— 


time 


.■::^ 


wise 


J done 


^ 


less 




to 


c 


with 


/ . . draw 


y 


lay 


- r- 


Ttook 


y 


write 


o ever 




-look 




the 


-rr:. 


at 


o every 


/^ 


more 


-^^- 


thing 


a 


last 


^ else 




..never 




thence 


vl 


of 


.^. for 


— . 


no 


^ 


there 


c 


ate 


^ fore 


77-. 


not 




through 


-•<^ 


fit 


•^ forth 


^ — ^ 


on 


- w - 


under 


. 


much 



If the above list is carefully examined it will be observed that most of 
the words are word-signs. This reminds you that all word-signs may be 
used as parts of compound words if yoM know your word-signs perfectly. 
If not it would be dangerous to use them in this way. It is worth while to 
spend all the time necessary to get control of this habit. 

22 



United or Compound Words 



These are composed solely 
They are useful" an3-where, but 



of the words given on the preceding page, 
especially in law offices. 



Aforesaid 

alorenientioned 

afternoon 

afterthought 

after\^ard 

almost 

also 

although 

altogether 

always 

another 

anyhow 

an\-thing 

anA-where 

Become 

beforehand 

behindhand 

Elsewhere 

everlasting 

■evermore 

everA'thing 

ever^-where 

Forasmuch 

forever 

forthwith 

Hereof 

hereto 

hereat 

Tierein 

Ihereon 



hereabout 
hereafter 
hereinbefore 
hereinto 
■ heretofore 
hereunto 
hereunder 
hereupon 
herewith 
himself 
hopeless 
hopelessness 
however 
Inasmuch 
income 
insofaras 
Meantime 
meanwhile 
moreover 
Nevertheless 
nowhere 

notwithstanding 

neighborhood 

Outcast 

outcome 

oufit 

outgo 

outlay 

■output 

.outrage 



Shorthand 
somehow 
someone 
something- 
sometime 
someway 
somev/here 
Therefrom 
therein 
thereon 
thereat 
thereunto 
therewith 
thereto 
therefor 
thereout 
thereabout 
thereby 
thereafter 
therefore 
thereof 
thereupon 
theretofore 
thereinafter 
thereinbefore 
therewithal 
thenceforth 
Undervalue 
underwrite 
utmost 



Whatever 

whatsoever 

whereon 

wherein 

whereof 

whereto 

whereas 

whereat 

whereby 

wherever 

wherefor 

wherefrom 

whereunto 

whereupon 

wherewith 

whereabouts 

whereinsoever 

whensoever 

wherewithal 

whenever 

whensoever 

within 

without 

withal 

withdraw 

withhold 

withheld 

withstand 

withwhich 



23 



Brief Phrases 



These phrases need not be memorized: they are given to show \-ou the 
kind of phrases we recommend. Refer to the list often; then j'ou will soon 
know them. 



^ and a 

^ and the 
^ and I 
" at it 
-^ at the 
•^ from its 
^ in their 
of the 
of this 
of these 
of their 
^of them 
"^ of its 
of law 
law of 
more than 
\ to this 
V to these 
_^ to the 
_-7 to their 
_ to it 
to its 



^ are our 


-^l 


upon yours 


"^ are ours 


O 


as-long-as ^. 


» for-ever-and-ever 


O 


as-well-as H 


over and over 


o 


as-soon-as ^m^ 


'^ that it 


r* 


as was ^B 


"^ that its 


\ 


wise B 


that it is 




^^^H 


L that their 


-^ 


at last ^1 




7>. 


least fl 


'^ upon it 




employing them S 


«^ with all 


^y^ 

/ 


fighting for ^ 


<j with you 


had had 1 


f with the 
"^ by its 


-7 '■ "" i^ 

Q ^t will involve ^^^B 


"^ received by 


—V 


on which the H 


» they may have 


-^ 


on which I ^m 


from their 


J, , 


jeeming to be H 


'^— -V one of those 
\ you and I 


V 


to believe J^^H 


— c^ 


to store ^^^H 


^-^ may be 


— <=o 


to ^^^H 


u give you 


^ 


that had ^^H 




^— ♦> 


on which you H 


24 




4 



How to Practice the Business Letters 

Write a full line in your note-book of each of the following shorthand 
forms, then turn to Business Letter number 1 and write it very carefully but 
not too slowh': do not draw the letters or words. After this write letter 
number 1, ten, twenty or fifty tiines, as ma}- be needed to get speed on it. 
Read your notes every little while examining critical!}^ all your characters and 
if 3'Ou find any of them not made correctly, practice those until they can be 
made perfect!}- at a high rate of speed. If your movement is not a gliding 
arm movement stop and practice easy longhand letters like n. m, u, not only 
making them smartly but well, strive for uniformity of line. Practice all fol- 
lowing business letters in the same manner as number one. after which write 
over newspaper items: — then you are ready for dictation. 




•-^- 



!Note: The circle on the end of duty is ty it is turned opposite to the circle r. 
When circle r or 1 comes between any two consonants it may be turned 
either way to get the best joining, but at the end of a word it must be 
written in one direction only as previously explained. 

25 



Business Letters~For speed practice 

Note: The following letters should be practised until a speed of at least 
150 words a minute has been attained. Anj- word that causes you 
to hesitate or lose time should be given separate practise. 

Letter No, 1 

Dear Sir; 

I beg to inform you that it is your duty to notify this office some ten 
dajs previous to the date on which you intend closing your office for the 
season. 

Yours truly. 

Letter No. 2 

Dear Sir: 

I enclose herewith the stamp receipt, which you returned to the De- 
partment without having signed. You will please affix your signature at the 
place marked at the foot of the memorandum, and forward to the Depart- 
ment without delay. 

Yours truly, 

Letter No. 3 

Dear Sir: 

I beg to enclose herewith $1.24 being the excess amount, returned to 
me, by your Agent, on closing the Bay Post Office. 

Your Credit Supply of Postage Stamps, is $10. while vour Agent, re- 
turned $11.24. 

Yours truly, 

Letter No. 4 

Sir: 

I am directed to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 13th. 
inst., asking for an improved mail-service at-the Bay. 

In reply, I am to say that the matter will receive the consideration of 
the department. 

I have the honor to be. Sir, 

Letter No. 5 

Dear Sir: 

On the 2nd. March you were sent Memorandum of agreement in tripli- 
cate to have executed for the mail service between the Lake and Bay. which 
has not yet been returned to me. Will you be good enough to have this 
done at your earliest possible convenience and return it duly executed. 

Yours truly, 

Letter No. 6 

Dear Sir: 

I beg to inform you that the Department authorizes that your office be 
made a permanent P. O. 

The service will be tri-weekly at a cost of $90. per annum, as per your 
offer of the 9th inst. . 

Referring to your demand re Assistant, I beg to state that Mr. Robert, 
having been duly sworn, may assist 3'ou at the P. O. Kindly acknowledge 
receipt of this letter. 

Yours truly, 

26 



wsmess 



S^u 



ers 



Z- ^ ™ <5l. ^ "^ 



>_--_^^ /^ 



^ • I 






■^ 



^^ 5 ^ / . 



/ 



/ ^ / 



^ 









lo, '^^ J. 



// 



"ZH- 



^ 



s 



/ 



_p • /3 X- ^ 



V 



^ 



y. 






2 ^ 



k 



^ 



\^ 



r 



\- . 



\ 



J 



' h. 



A 



-i 



7t 



-^ ^ 



^ -X. ^ ^- 






f7- 



^/ 



^ 



( I "^--^ 



^ 



> 



-s> ^ 



27 



Letter No. 7 

Dear Sir: 

Would you be good enough to reply as-soon-as possible to my letter to 
you of the 16th ult., enclosing a form to be filled up by you in your capacity 
as postmaster. I am desirous of reporting as soon as possible on the estab- 
lishment of-the three times a week service between the Lake and Bay. I 
already have-your offer of $45. for a tri-weekly service, and would be obliged 
if-you would let me have the other information asked for on the form, at 



your earliest convenience. 



Letter No. 8 



Yours truly 



Dear Sir: 

I have your letter of the 13th inst., enclosing Mail Service cheque for 
the Lake and Bay and Salary Warrant for Bay for March Quarter and asking 
what disposition is to be made of the Post Office outfit, as these services 
were only performed for part of January. In reply I have to say that the 
Post Office Inspector is being communicated with on the subject and you 
will be advised in due course as to the information you desire. 

Yours truly, 



Letter No. 9 

Dear Sir: 

With further reference to the establishing of your office on a permanent 
yearly basis, and the placing of the service of the Lake and Bay under your 
charge, at the rate of $90.00 per annum. I beg herewith to enclose, under 
registered cover, agreements covering the service, and would ask you to let 
me have them back, duly signed, by return mail, with the initials of yourself 
and witness at the clauses crossed out. 



Yours truly. 



Letter No. 10 

Dear Sir: 

I am authorized to increase the mail service between the Lake and the 
Bay, from semi-weekly to tri-weekly, for summer season, as per your offer: 
viz., $45.00 per season. 

You will therefore put the increased service in operation immediately on 
receipt of this letter, and advise me as to date of commencement. 

I enclose a cover for your reply. 

Yours truly, 



Letter No. 11 

Dear Sir: 

With regard to your letter of 11th inst., stating that you commenced the 
tri-weekly service between Lake and Bay on the 1st July, I beg to inform 
you that the Department has authorized payment from the date in question. 

I would thank you to let me know the hour of departure of the mails 
from your office on Monday, Wednesday and Friday, and the time of de- 
parture on return trip from Lake on the following days. 

Yours truly, 

28 



<*7-/ 



' c^ 



^ 



/^^ 



V^^/ 






u 



9- <w 






U 






^ ' 



V 



^ ^^^:^y 






/ 



T 



■ ^-^v --^^ \ f 









L 









29 



/A.5~ 



^ 



\ 



^ 



L^-^ 

-- U-/ 



Letter No. 12 

Bear Sir: 

As the time is approaching for the opening of summer offices, you will 
please let me have a statement of conditions in your district which call for 
an office. 

It will be your duty to notify me ten days at least before the time you 
will be prepared to open the office. You will also state what equipment 
you have on hand, if an}-, and what, in your opinion, you will need. 

Yours trul}', 



Letter No. 13 

Dear Sir; 

I beg to acknowledge receipt of your letter of the 20th. inst., informing 
me that owing to closing of navigation on the Lake it will be necessary to 
close the office for the season after the 1st of Nov. I also note your state- 
ment re establishing the office permanently. In this regard I would ask j'ou 
to kindly fill in the enclosed form with as complete information as possible. 

On receipt of same I will refer the matter to the proper authorities for 
their consideration. I enclose a cover for your reply. 

In filling in said form I would ask you to state how the proposed office 
would be served^ from what office, the probable cost and the name of a 
reliable man who would undertake the service. 

Yours trulv. 



Letter No. 14 

Dear Sir: 

Replying to yours of the 27th ultimo. I beg to say that your resignation 
as Postmaster of the Bay was transferred on the 29th to the Secretary of 
the Department, who will take steps to have your successor appointed. As 
soon as this is done, you will be immediately notified. 

With regard to the mail service, arrangements could be made to relieve 
you at once if your nominee would undertake to continue the work under 
present conditions specified in the agreement we have with you. On receipt 
of his acceptance in writing, I will present the matter to the proper authority 



and acquaint you with the result. 



Yours trulv. 



Letter No. 15 

Dear Sir: 

Your letter of the 13th to the Postmaster General has been referred to 
me. and I have noted your statement that the Service and Post Office were 
Kept up for only part of the month of January. 

As I do not appear to have received any intimation to that effect. I 
should be glad if you would let me know upon what exact date the office 
ceased to do business. 

All the Post Office outfit, including $10. in stamps, or the equivalent in 
cash, should be put together in the mail bag. along with the key of the 
latter, and sent, registered, clearly addressed to the Post Office Inspector. 

I should be glad of the immediate despatch of the entire outfit, and have 
taken up the matter with the Postmaster of the Lake to ascertain why he 
failed to report the non-receipt and despatch of mail. 

Yours truly, 



Jfm. 



V. 



'v ,^^ 



^ 



*^ 



<-i. 



L'> 



'i 



^. 



r^ 



"^ 









. /^ U V 



K-^- 



K 



~\ 



V ^^^ 



n. 



^■■^ ' 



^ 



^ 



uJ 



-^^ 



<:— ^ 






^ 



\ 



^-^ 



^ 



-^ 



~l 



iy/^ AX^' -^ -X^ ^ 



^ 



^ 



^ 






7 



\ 



r 



^ 




/ 



•^7^, 



^--zn^c^t^t^C^ ...^(A'i,'O^L^La-t.£,<:i.4^ ^■ti.dAl^ 



31 



Systematic Intersection 

Intersection is one of the most rational means of abbreviation 
known to the shorthand profession. But, to get the most value out of it, 
it should be applied to the most useful words in your own particular line of 
business. The list we give below is of general usefulness. It should not 
be memorized until you have made up your mind as to whether you will 
permanently accept these intersections as of sufficient value to you or whether 
you will apply the principle to some particular line of business. The following 
list, however, is of more than usual value and it might be just as well for 
you to use it until you can assign more advantageous phrases to the char- 
acters yourself. 



I association 

"^ arrange 

\ bank 
} circumstance 

/^ company 

/ department 

^ following 
/ government 

I general 
> — information 
-^ liabilities 
- — • manager 
- — ' master 
^ — party 

J quarter 
""^ railway 

) society 

J system 
transfer 

>»- valuation 
-£— city 



I 

\ 

X 
4- 



v^ 



bank association 
bank company 
bank department 
bank manager 
bank valuation 
following circumstances 
following information 
following liabilities 
general association 
general circumstances 
general department 
general information 
general liabilities 
general manager 
quartermaster 
government railway 
transfer system 
general valuation 
government party 
master transfer system 
city company 



P D 18 8 



32 






^-v.^^' 

.^^-v 











. o ' ,0^ 










^ot? 







ST. AUGUSTINE 



027 275 605 3 



